Ugovor i presuda

Abstract

Ugovor i presuda su dva pojedinačna pravna akta koja stvaraju pojedinačne pravne norme i dva različita načina uređenja društvenih od- nosa. Oni se susreću kada se pred sudom pojavi spor u vezi sa ugovorom. U opštim odredbama o ugovoru u Zakonu o obligacionim odnosima uočava se da ova pravila određuju nekoliko funkcija koje sudija ima u odnosu na ugovor. Svrha ovoga rada je da se utvrdi povezanost tih funkcija i ugovora kao pravne norme. U tom cilju analizirane su dve vrste zakonskih odredaba, one o nevažnosti ugovora u kojima je naglašeno da sud pazi na ništavost po službenoj dužnosti i one po kojima sud može, pod određenim pretpostavkama, da izmeni ugovor. U analizu su bile uključene i funkcije koje sudiji normalno pripadaju: da tumači sporne ugovorne odredbe i odlučuje o pravnozaštitnom zahtevu. U radu je pokazano da su te funkcije vezane ili za važenje ili efikasnost ili pravičnost ugovorne norme.

Contract and judgment are two individual legal acts creating individual legal norms. They represent two different ways of regulating social relations. Contract and judgment are faced when judge has to deal with the case involving contracts. It can be noticed that norms of general part of the Law on Contracts and Torts regulating contracts define several functions belonging to judge in relation to contracts. The aim of this paper is to determine connection between these functions and contracts as legal norms. For that purpose two types of rules are analyzed. On the one hand, the study focuses on invalid contracts provisions that emphasize judge ex officio duty to pay due attention on contract nullity, and on the other hand, on provisions that authorize judge to perform modification of contracts, under certain conditions. The analysis also involves the functions that judge is normally entitled to, such as interpretation of disputed contract's norms, and deciding on legal claim. The paper shows that these functions are attached to one of three features of contract's norm: validity, efficiency or equity.